The European Union's stock option landscape is shaped by a mix of EU-wide directives, national regulations, and strong employee protections. While frameworks like MiFID II provide overarching guidelines, country-specific rules such as France’s BSPCE regime and Germany’s participation act create diverse implementations. Successfully managing stock options in the EU requires adapting to these regulatory differences, considering works council involvement, and staying updated on trends like ESG-linked compensation and digital equity management.

A proposed amendment to the Income Tax Act seeks to simplify the taxation of income from employee stock option plans, allowing employers to choose between the current system of deferred taxation or reverting to pre-2024 taxation practices. The amendment addresses complexities introduced in 2024, such as tracking taxable moments, avoiding double taxation abroad, and coordinating taxation with insurance premiums. Transitional provisions would allow employers to apply postponed taxation retroactively for 2024 without penalties, provided they notify the tax authorities within two months of the amendment’s effective date.

AXA has launched its 2024 annual employee share offering, known as Shareplan 2024, across 40 countries for over 110,000 employees. Employees will have the option to participate in either a Classic offer or a Guarantee Plus offer, with shares offered at a discount to the reference price. The share subscription period will take place from November 4 to November 8, 2024, and the capital increase is expected to occur on December 5, 2024, with the new shares being listed on Euronext Paris.

Airbus has initiated a share buyback program to support its future employee share ownership and equity-based compensation plans, aiming to repurchase up to 4,254,000 shares by 31 March 2025. The first tranche, involving up to 2,127,000 shares, will run from 9 September to 31 October 2024, managed independently by an investment firm. The program is designed to avoid dilution of existing shareholders and is in compliance with EU market regulations.

A recent Sifted survey reveals that over a quarter of European startup employees see their stock options as a stepping stone to starting their own businesses, reflecting growing entrepreneurial optimism. However, about one-third are doubtful about the financial returns of their options, and many lack understanding of their true value, with over 40% unaware of their worth and nearly 45% not receiving guidance on how to exercise them. Effective communication of stock option benefits and proper scheme management are crucial for maximizing their potential as a tool for talent attraction and retention.

In Latvia, secondary sales of stock options during funding rounds, such as those seen with Lokalise and Printify, offer early employees a tangible reward and financial cushion before a company’s exit. Unlike the typical startup exit through IPO or acquisition, these sales provide a valuable taste of the potential financial gains from stock options, especially in a region with limited exit success stories. As European startup ecosystems face sluggish IPO markets and less frequent funding rounds, secondary sales are becoming a crucial mechanism for motivating and retaining talent.